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October 04.2025
1 Minute Read

Discover Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge’s Hidden Wonders

Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge entrance sign in grassy landscape, blue sky.

Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge

📍 Address: 2591 Whitehall Neck Road, Smyrna, DE 19977, USA

📞 Phone: +1 302-653-9345

🌐 Website: http://www.fws.gov/refuge/Bombay_Hook/

★★★★★
Rating: 4.7

Lose Yourself in the Untamed Beauty of Bombay Hook: Where Nature Is the Star

Have you ever wondered what it feels like to truly step away from the chaos of everyday life and immerse yourself in a world ruled by nature’s rhythms? Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge invites all who pass through its gates to slow down, breathe in salty air, and embark on a journey through some of the last expansive tidal salt marshes on the mid-Atlantic coast. This protected sanctuary, cradled along the Delaware Bay, is not only mesmerizing in its beauty, but also vital to the survival of countless migratory birds and native wildlife species.

The importance of Bombay Hook extends far beyond scenic views and peaceful walks. In an age when natural habitats are shrinking at an alarming rate, this refuge stands as a reminder of what can still be saved—and what vanishes if vigilance wanes. Whether you’re drawn to the possibility of spotting a bald eagle in flight, following the delicate footprints of foxes, or absorbing the serenity that only wild lands provide, a visit to Bombay Hook is more than a trip; it is a lesson in interconnectedness and conservation. Understanding why Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge matters, both for our sense of wonder and for the future of wildlife, unlocks stories seldom told but desperately needed.

Scenic tidal marsh at Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge with birds in flight

Why Tidal Salt Marshes Matter: The Vital Role of Bombay Hook in Conservation

Salt marshes, the lifeblood of Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge, form a unique landscape where freshwater converges with the tides, creating a dynamic environment that nurtures astonishing biodiversity. While these sprawling, grassy wetlands may appear deceptively tranquil, they perform essential ecological functions. Acting as natural buffers, salt marshes protect inland areas from storm surges and flooding. Even more, they serve as nurseries for fish, crustaceans, and countless bird species, many of whom rely on these habitats during arduous migrations along the Atlantic Flyway.

Unfortunately, the prevalence of healthy tidal salt marshes is in sharp decline, battered by human development and changing climates. Only a fraction of these wild places remain, making those at Bombay Hook all the more precious. The refuge’s marshes, freshwater wetlands, and uplands combine to create a sanctuary not just for wildlife, but also for those who seek restorative solace in nature. Each visitor, whether an avid birder tracking rarities or a quiet hiker pausing to marvel at a fox in the reeds, becomes a part of a larger story—a story of preservation, renewal, and vigilance against the forces that threaten these vital ecosystems.

Red foxes foraging along a marsh trail at Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge

How Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge Inspires Awe and Fosters Wildlife Connection

Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge stands as a beacon for conservation and public engagement, protecting one of the largest contiguous areas of tidal salt marsh in the mid-Atlantic. Visitors experience a profound sense of connection while traversing the 12-mile loop road or walking one of many well-marked trails. Unique observation towers dot the landscape, offering panoramic views of ponds teeming with waterfowl, shorebirds, and waders. These encounters deliver more than visual spectacle; they spark a sense of stewardship for the landscape and the creatures it supports.

Beyond passive observation, the refuge’s carefully managed habitats elevate its status among bird watchers and wildlife enthusiasts nationwide. Designated as both a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance and a Globally Important Bird Area, Bombay Hook’s role in the Atlantic Flyway has only grown as similar habitats have dwindled elsewhere. For migrating birds—from elegant egrets and sandpipers to the elusive bald eagle—the refuge is not just a stopover, but a lifesaving oasis. As families, students, and solo explorers discover, the practical benefits of this protected space extend from personal well-being to the long-term vitality of entire species.

From Marsh Trails to Marsh Masters: Experiences That Deepen Understanding

Bald eagle perched in salt marsh at Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge

The educational value of Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge can be felt with every footstep along its winding trails. Here, information is immersive; visitors can learn the difference between tidal salt marshes and freshwater wetlands, witness firsthand how diverse species interact, and discover the complex role these habitats play in coastal resilience. The refuge also stands as an active research natural area, allowing for ongoing scientific inquiry and conservation education—while ensuring that vital ecological processes unfold with minimal disturbance from humans.

Families looking for engaging outdoor experiences are met with a range of accessibility options. From biking along the loop road to climbing observation towers or simply enjoying a picnic near the marsh, there’s a sense of inclusivity that demystifies the wild. Even logistical touches, such as easy parking, EV charging stations, and clearly marked restroom amenities, support a hassle-free visit. These seemingly minor details create an atmosphere where both first-time visitors and seasoned naturalists can find inspiration and insight, adding lasting depth to every encounter with Bombay Hook’s wild inhabitants.

The Legacy of Protection: How Bombay Hook Became a Sanctuary for Birds and People

Established in 1937 as a critical link in a chain of wildlife refuges stretching from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, Bombay Hook has grown to meet the challenges of changing times. Its protection was born of necessity; already, decades ago, the tides of development and loss were rising. Over time, targeted management practices—regulating hunting, creating research areas, and monitoring habitats—have ensured the refuge remains a place where not only wildlife but also future generations might thrive.

Birder watching egrets at dawn in Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge wetlands

Integral to its enduring legacy is Bombay Hook’s distinction as a research natural area, where the dual goals of unimpaired wilderness and hands-on learning coexist. This focus on minimal human disturbance, combined with robust educational programming, represents a model for similar sanctuaries. By linking its purpose to international conservation standards, including the Ramsar Convention, the refuge has secured recognition not just as a haven for local wildlife but as part of a global commitment to ecological stewardship.

Visiting Bombay Hook: What to Know Before You Go

Every visit to Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge unfolds differently, shaped by seasonal migrations, tide cycles, and the personal interests of those who arrive. Planning is made easy by a streamlined entrance process through online platforms, with options for both day passes and annual memberships. The refuge features a well-designed loop road accessible by car, bicycle, or on foot, with trails ranging from brief 0.3-mile walks to more immersive 2.7-mile treks, allowing all ages and abilities to tailor their journey.

Practical advice enhances any adventure here: bring plenty of bug spray, especially during the humid summer months, and keep watch for changing trail closures associated with the annual hunt program. Amenities like EV charging, accessible restrooms, and clear mapping make the refuge both comfortable and navigable. Above all, visitors are encouraged to observe good stewardship—resisting the urge to feed wildlife, respecting the tranquility of the setting, and sharing the experience through positive actions and stories.

Bombay Hook’s Mission: Sustaining Habitats for Generations to Come

At its core, Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge is dedicated to maintaining a healthy and thriving sanctuary for migrating birds, waterfowl, and a growing diversity of mammals and reptiles. Every detail of refuge management reflects a larger mission: to preserve high-quality habitat along the Atlantic Flyway, one of the planet’s great natural migrations. The work of sustaining this habitat has become more urgent as similar spaces dwindle elsewhere on the coast, making Bombay Hook’s protected marshes and managed uplands a crucial link in a far-reaching conservation chain.

The refuge’s approach balances human curiosity with ecological priorities—welcoming recreation and environmental education, but never at the expense of wildlife welfare. By championing a philosophy that intertwines scientific research, hands-on stewardship, and public engagement, the refuge shapes both the landscape and the minds of all who visit. It is not merely a place to escape; it is where community, conservation, and curiosity converge, leaving a legacy of respect for wild places that future generations can inherit and cherish.

Wilderness Wonders Through Visitor Eyes: A Close-Up with Bombay Hook’s Wildlife

Few experiences capture the spirit of Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge quite like witnessing its wildlife up close. As one recent visitor recalled, a simple day on the trails revealed not just remarkable scenery, but an unforgettable encounter with wild foxes—creatures that, at home in the marshlands, display a fearlessness born of living in a protected haven:

Beautiful place. The drive-thru aspect makes it ideal for families with small children who can't walk very far. There's a 12-mile loop of road, and all of the trails either lead off from the road or the parking lot. The trails range in length from 0.3 miles to 2.7 miles, and the distance is usually (not always) marked at the trailhead, so you know what to expect. You can also bike or walk on the road; you don't need a car. The hours listed here are a bit misleading. The Visitor Center is only open from 8 AM - 4 PM, but the park itself is open from 30 minutes before sunrise until 30 minutes past sunset. You buy your park pass using the QR code posted in the Visitor Center front window; you don't even need to go inside. It's $4 for cars and $2 if you're biking or hiking, IIRC. Then there's like a 50-cent "convenience fee" or something. The bathroom is located at the Visitor Center, but it uses a separate door and it stays unlocked after 4 PM. There are EV charging stations in the parking lot. Definitely bring plenty of bug spray. The mosquitoes and biting flies weren't as bad here as they were at some of the other parks/refuges we visited in the Rehoboth Beach area, but you still do need bug spray. There are some observation towers above some of the ponds, ideal for viewing waterfowl, shorebirds, and wading birds. We saw several great egrets, and dozens of snowy egrets, along with Canadian geese, sandpipers, gulls, and ducks. I was hoping to see a bald eagle, since I've never seen one IRL, and so many of the reviews here mentioned seeing them. Well, we didn't see any bald eagles, or any bird more interesting than the great egret. We had resigned ourselves to not seeing anything really interesting, and were just going to do 1 more trail (the Bear Swamp trail) before heading out. We got out of the car at the parking space for Bear Swamp trail...and were greeted by two red foxes who were quite unfazed and unbothered by our presence. I'm pretty sure people have been feeding them, because they hung around for a few minutes looking expectant and hopeful, before giving up on us and heading off down the trail. We followed them and watched them for quite some time as they foraged on the ground for what I believe were mushrooms. Often they would come within 2 feet of us as they crisscrossed back and forth along the trail. Then they walked off further into the woods, and we kept on the trail. Later, as we were driving on the road, we saw 3 of them. I'm pretty sure the first 2 were the same pair we saw earlier, but obviously it's hard to tell. Again, they all seemed curious and hopeful, as if they thought we might feed them. The 3rd one actually approached the car after we stopped and just looked up at us like, "Well? Do you have snacks, or not?" I realize it's bad for them to learn to expect food from humans, but it sure was cool to see them up close like that.

This firsthand account illustrates the kind of wonder and connection that visitors to Bombay Hook routinely describe. Close encounters with foxes, egrets, and a variety of birds turn a basic nature outing into an inspiring adventure—reminding us that, with care and respect for the ecosystem, these hidden wonders will flourish for all who come after.

What Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge Means for the Future of Wild Spaces

Each moment spent at Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge is a step into the living biography of untamed lands—lands where every marsh, trail, and songbird continues the work of conservation history. The refuge’s dedication to thoughtful habitat management, scientific research, and community engagement elevates it beyond a mere recreation site. Instead, Bombay Hook stands as an enduring model of how protected natural habitats can benefit not only migratory birds and mammals but also inspire and educate generations of visitors.

In a world where wild spaces are too easily lost, the continued success of Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge is both a beacon and a challenge. As the refuge adapts, evolves, and welcomes all who wish to learn, its story becomes intertwined with a larger mission—one that champions the value of conservation, education, and wild wonder across Delaware and far beyond.

Contact the Experts at Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge

If you’d like to learn more about how Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge could benefit your outdoor adventures or deepen your understanding of conservation, contact the team at Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge.
📍 Address: 2591 Whitehall Neck Road, Smyrna, DE 19977, USA
📞 Phone: +1 302-653-9345
🌐 Website: http://www.fws.gov/refuge/Bombay_Hook/

Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge Location and Hours

🕒 Hours of Operation:
📅 Monday: 8:00 AM – 4:00 PM
📅 Tuesday: 8:00 AM – 4:00 PM
📅 Wednesday: 8:00 AM – 4:00 PM
📅 Thursday: 8:00 AM – 4:00 PM
📅 Friday: 8:00 AM – 4:00 PM
📅 Saturday: 9:00 AM – 4:00 PM
📅 Sunday: 9:00 AM – 4:00 PM

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Even though Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge is closed to direct exploration, its boundaries are living reminders that absence can be just as powerful a presence when it comes to wildlife protection. For educators, students, and conservation-minded travelers, the refuge offers an opportunity to learn from afar and contribute support by spreading awareness of the importance of undisturbed sanctuaries along the coast. Castle Rock’s Legacy: Protection, Science, and a Deep Respect for Wildlife Life Cycles Rooted in the larger mission of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the management philosophy at Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge centers on letting nature take the lead. This approach is visible in the decision to maintain strict closures—on land, in water, and even above the refuge. It is an acknowledgment that human presence, however well-intentioned, often carries hidden costs for species that survive on the margins. 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Seeing the iconic rock from afar or catching glimpses of circling seabirds and basking seals can deeply impress those who take the time to notice. Reviews echo the deep appreciation that comes from encountering nature in its pure, untrammeled form, if only from a respectful distance. Impressive rock island for seabirds & seals. Stories like this capture the allure and mystery of Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge. Such authentic experiences serve as evidence that even strict conservation measures can produce rewarding encounters, inspiring others to support the sanctuary’s continued protection. By prioritizing respect and distance, everyone has an opportunity to bear witness to the wonders of wildlife, ensuring these ecosystems remain vibrant for generations to come. Why Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge Embodies the Future of Coastal Conservation As coastal environments face mounting pressure from human development and recreation, refuges like Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge provide a blueprint for lasting success. By combining strict on-site protection with inclusive public education, this tiny outpost proves that even small spaces can have outsized influence when thoughtfully managed. The story of the refuge stands as a living lesson—one that continues to shape how marine ecosystems are valued and defended going forward. Thanks to a philosophy centered on science, respect, and exclusion where necessary, Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge is not only preserving existing resources but also inspiring the next generation of wildlife advocates. The careful stewardship at Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge reminds us that real conservation progress is made possible through commitment, innovation, and a willingness to embrace difficult trade-offs. Understanding and supporting protected sanctuaries like these is key to maintaining the delicate balance between human interests and the astonishing diversity of life at the edge of the Pacific. Contact the Experts at Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge If you’d like to learn more about how Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge contributes to coastal wildlife preservation and marine ecosystem health, contact the team at Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge. 📍 Address: Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge, 1020 Ranch Rd Loleta, Crescent City, CA 95551, USA 🌐 Website: http://www.fws.gov/refuge/castle_rock/ Castle Rock National Wildlife Refuge Location and Availability 🕒 Hours of Operation: Not published / Refuge is closed to the public to protect wildlife

Discover hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge's Hidden Wonders

Huleia National Wildlife Refuge 📍 Address: 433001014, Lihue, HI 96766, USA 🌐 Website: https://www.fws.gov/refuge/huleia ★★★★★ Rating: 4.7 Unlocking the Secrets of Hawaii’s Hulē‘ia National Wildlife Refuge Every year, thousands of curious travelers land on Kaua‘i in search of adventure, expecting sunlit beaches and lush mountains, but few realize that hidden away in a secluded valley lies one of Hawaii’s most important ecological sanctuaries: the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge. The refuge is closed to general public access, a restriction driven by the urgent need to safeguard some of the state’s rarest and most vulnerable bird species. This quiet, undisturbed landscape holds both natural and cultural significance—its story reaches beyond the observable, inviting exploration through history, conservation, and the thriving life it protects. In an era where rapid development often overrides preservation, understanding locations like the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge is more crucial than ever. Impacted by generation after generation of agricultural use, these lands are now meticulously managed to recover and protect native wildlife. Yet, despite being off-limits except by special permit or staff accompaniment, the refuge inspires environmental consciousness and offers a profound case study on the importance of sanctuary, stewardship, and species revitalization. For those captivated by ecosystems and the delicate balance they represent, the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge exemplifies both the fragility and resilience of Hawaii’s natural heritage—and why appreciating such hidden wonders matters. The Vital Role of Hulē‘ia National Wildlife Refuge in Hawaii’s Ecosystem The hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge is far more than a protected tract of land—it is a living classroom, home to thirty-one documented bird species, including several that are threatened or endangered. Perched in a lush valley along the Hulē‘ia River and framed by steep, wooded hills, the refuge was once used for traditional wetland farming, cultivating taro and rice. Today, it serves a greater mission: providing critical habitat where unique Hawaiian birds, like the ae‘o (Hawaiian stilt), ‘alae ke‘oke‘o (Hawaiian coot), koloa maoli (Hawaiian duck), and the nēnē (Hawaiian goose), can nest and feed without the disruption of daily human activity. Understanding the function of the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge means recognizing what’s at stake. These birds are not merely residents—they are irreplaceable treasures whose fate sits precariously on the edge of extinction. When a refuge is off-limits to visitors, it signals the severity of threats: habitat loss, invasive species, and centuries of ecological imbalance. By focusing conservation where it is most desperately needed, the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge becomes a barometer for what Hawaii could lose, but also a beacon for recovery and hope. Ignoring this value, or misunderstanding why access is limited, risks undermining decades of progress in species protection and ecosystem stability. That tension—the pull between preservation and access—underscores why this site is so critical to Hawaii’s broader environmental narrative. Why Limited Access Protects Hawaii’s Rare Birds and Endangered Species As a pillar of Hawaii’s wildlife management, the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge demonstrates the transformative impact of targeted conservation. Managed under the careful supervision of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the refuge restricts access except for staff, partners, or those with special permits—a controversial but vital decision. This protected environment offers sanctuary from frequent disturbances, enabling species such as the endangered nēnē and koloa maoli to thrive in a space free from invasive predators, human encroachment, or recreational pressure. It’s a living example of how access controls can directly contribute to the survival and gradual comeback of once-dwindling populations. Visitors interested in experiencing the refuge can still appreciate its beauty and importance from the Menehune Fish Pond overlook, blending historical heritage with environmental stewardship. The payoff is dramatic: as these rare avian residents regain their footing, entire ecosystems stabilize and provide invaluable opportunities for research, observation, and education. In communities where every nest counts, each protected acre of the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge represents not just a patch of green, but a bastion of hope for Hawaii’s most iconic wildlife. From Ancient Wetland Agriculture to Modern Conservation: Hulē‘ia’s Transformation The landscape surrounding the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge was once a mosaic of taro patches, rice fields, and bustling agricultural activity, shaped over centuries by native Hawaiians and later immigrants. The valley’s fertile soils and ready water supply made it a linchpin of wetland agriculture; today, these same features provide the foundation for a thriving wildlife habitat. The switch from cultivation to conservation marked a pivotal moment in the region’s ecological story—one driven by the realization that preservation of species and habitats could no longer remain an afterthought. This transition reflects Hawaii’s evolving relationship with its environment. Where once food production shaped every acre, now the careful restoration of wetlands and the nurturing of native plants and animals takes precedence. For anyone wishing to understand the interconnectedness of cultural history and ecological stewardship, the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge symbolizes a bridge between past practice and future resilience. Educational Opportunities and Virtual Experiences for All Ages While direct access to hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge is limited, educational outreach and interpretation remain central to its mission. A recently released free mobile guide opens up new possibilities for visitors and students to engage with stories, photographs, and videos detailing the refuge, its avian inhabitants, and its management strategies. These virtual resources—combined with staff-led environmental education activities—mean that Hulē‘ia’s lessons aren’t confined to its physical boundaries. For students, families, and conservation advocates across Hawaii and beyond, the refuge serves as a case study in restoration ecology, species recovery, and historic preservation. By making its story widely accessible, the refuge ensures that future generations can appreciate the delicate balance required to save endangered species and maintain healthy habitats. The Ongoing Battle for Native Species: Managing Threats and Building Resilience At the core of the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge’s efforts lies a persistent challenge: managing the threats that endanger native species. Wildlife management practices, such as regulated trapping, are used strategically to limit the population of invasive predators—one of the primary dangers to ground-nesting birds. These interventions are thoughtfully guided by scientific assessment, ensuring decisions protect wildlife populations while maintaining the integrity of the refuge’s infrastructure and landscape. While controversy sometimes surrounds such management tools, the ultimate priority remains clear: safeguarding the existing populations of endangered and threatened birds. Each action, whether it’s habitat restoration, predator control, or research, is calibrated not just for immediate outcomes, but for the long-term health of Hawaii’s iconic wildlife. Hulē‘ia National Wildlife Refuge’s Commitment to Conservation-Driven Stewardship Guided by a mission to recover threatened and endangered birds, the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge embraces a philosophy that prioritizes ecological integrity and education. Established in 1973, its primary purpose has always balanced habitat restoration with research, public interpretation, and environmental education. The refuge’s management is rooted in a compatibility determination—one that carefully weighs every activity against potential impact, ensuring that each initiative supports the long-term recovery and sustainability of Hawaii’s precious avifauna. Through ongoing adaptation and commitment to best practices, the refuge operates as a model for modern conservation, demonstrating how protected areas can serve as living laboratories for innovation in wildlife protection. Its approach reflects deep respect for both Hawaii’s natural resources and its people, recognizing that cultural values and scientific stewardship go hand in hand. By remaining closed to general visitation, but open for guided education and scientific study, hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge protects its most vulnerable inhabitants while inviting the public to learn, reflect, and advocate for conservation beyond its borders. Genuine Experiences: Learning from the Stories of Recent Visitors The stories and reflections of those who have experienced the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge—either through guided tours or scenic overlooks—offer authentic insight into its impact. One visitor’s account, in particular, underscores the blend of wonder, education, and adventure that makes any encounter with this sanctuary unforgettable. We learn so much and the tour guide was amazing. It’s an absolute paradise and we finish with a splash in the river next to the garden! Great experience 🥰 Stories like these validate the refuge’s dual purpose: to awe and inspire while imparting a sense of stewardship and responsibility. The combination of educational engagement and direct contact with nature leaves a lasting impression—one that encourages future generations to cherish, protect, and advocate for Hawaii’s unique wildlife refuges. The Enduring Legacy of Hulē‘ia: Preservation, Awareness, and Hope for Endangered Species In an age where natural sanctuaries are under constant pressure, the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge stands as both guardian and teacher. By limiting direct access and focusing on the recovery of native birds, this refuge not only conserves endangered species but also elevates public understanding of what true stewardship means. Its ongoing commitment—grounded in science, history, and cultural respect—has positioned it as a leading voice in wildlife conservation and environmental education in Hawaii. For anyone intrigued by the hidden wonders of the Hawaiian islands, the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge offers both a story of hope and a call to action. As the world seeks sustainable solutions, its model of protection and education reminds us that valuable lessons can be found even in places we may never set foot, but whose legacy shapes our collective future. Contact the Experts at Huleia National Wildlife Refuge If you’d like to learn more about how the hulē‘ia national wildlife refuge contributes to conservation, species recovery, and environmental education, contact the team at Huleia National Wildlife Refuge. 📍 Address: 433001014, Lihue, HI 96766, USA 🌐 Website: https://www.fws.gov/refuge/huleia Huleia National Wildlife Refuge Location and Availability Please refer to the official website for information on special use permits or staff-accompanied visits as public access is not allowed to protect endangered and threatened wildlife species.

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